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Using Volatility as an Investment Hedge

Using Volatility as an Investment Hedge

The past fifteen years have been a very volatile time for the stock market.  Not only has the market had large corrections and bear markets it has also had huge rallies and bull markets.  These swings have made and broken many portfolios. An investor can limit the violent swings in their portfolio by implementing a hedging strategy designed to limit downside losses.  With the explosion of ETFs over the past few years there are now several investment vehicles that can be used as a hedge against extensive declines in the stock market.  One method that is gaining popularity among investors is volatility. The most common measure of volatility is the CBOE S&P 500 Volatility Index (VIX). When an investor buys a VIX future or option they are placing a bet that the variance or deviation in the price of the S&P 500 Index (SPX) will increase at some point in the future.  Basically it is a bet that the market will experience large price swings.  When the stock market declines

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Raising Cash and Adding Hedges

Market Health Indicators

Our core market health indicators deteriorated enough this week that we’re raising cash in our Long/Cash portfolios.  They are both now 80% cash and 20% long. Our hedged portfolio is now 60% long (stocks we believe will outperform the market in an uptrend) and 40% short the S&P 500 Index (either short SPY or buy SH). Our measures of the economy slipped from -7 to -8.  The economy measures continue to disappoint us as they just can’t seem to get a footing.  They went negative near the first of December, got all the way down to -10 (our worst reading), moved back up to -3 at the beginning of February then turned over again.  This indicator usually has a pretty good lead time at both bottoms and tops so the fact that it has kept a portion of our portfolios under invested for almost three months gives us concern. Our measures of risk dropped a bit this week to +5. There still isn’t much concern from market participants about a

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Core Long/Cash Portfolio adding Exposure

Portfolio raising cash and adding exposure

Enough of our core market indicators strengthened today to add more long exposure to our core Long/Cash portfolio.  The core portfolio is now 60% long and 40% cash.  Our other portfolios are still 100% cash or aggressively hedged since 10/19/2012. One thing of note is that our core market health indicators are reflecting the uncertainty in the market.  Since the beginning of August they have had eight major signals.  All of them have been between 1395 and 1430 on the S&P 500 Index (SPX).  We’ve basically put on some longs then raised cash at almost the same level over the past five months.  Now we’re adding exposure again…in the same range. The discrepancy between our Core portfolio and our other portfolios gives us concern.  Usually we see our Market Risk Indicator looking better when we add exposure to the Core portfolio.  Right now we’re seeing risk rising at the same time as the underlying market is getting healthy.  This is one more sign about the huge uncertainty in the market…and

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Tightening Our Hedge

We tightened our hedges in our Long / Short hedged portfolio today.  Some of our longs were getting away from their hedge so we brought them closer together.  As I’ve noted on Twitter @DownsideHedge, our core market health indicators are strengthening this week, but our market risk indicator refuses to come in line.  That leaves us aggressively hedged even though we’re seeing underlying health in the market.  A further rally (and resolution of the budget negotiations in Washington) will most likely improve both our core health indicators and our market risk indicator.  As a result, good news that is accompanied by a rally will most likely move us from aggressively hedged to a large long exposure all at the same time.  Nevertheless, we’ll continue to follow our discipline and wait for a signal before making any portfolio adjustments.

 
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We’re Raising More Cash in our Core Long / Cash Hedge

Raising Cash from stock market

We’re seeing more weakness in our Core Market Health indicators this week.  As a result, we’re moving to 60% cash and 40% long in our Core Long / Cash strategy.  As we noted yesterday, we don’t know where the market goes from here, but market internals are telling us to take caution and protect our portfolios until the internals become more healthy. Here is more information about how we hedge by going to cash. Our hedge strategies that use our market risk indicator went to cash or were aggressively hedged on 10/19/2012.  The cash strategy is benefiting, while the aggressively hedged portfolio is currently paying for insurance as the time decay and lack of volatility are eating away at our hedges.  Even with the small loss in the portfolio we’re comfortable with our current positioning especially since it doesn’t appear that anyone is looking at the headwinds we’ll face next year regardless of the fiscal cliff resolution. On the chart below the yellow lines are us raising cash. The thickness

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How Tops are Made

S&P 500 Index 2006 Hedging

Today we find ourselves watching a market that is in no man’s land.  After topping in mid September the S&P 500 Index (SPX) suffered a mild correction falling from about 1475 to near 1350.  Now it is attempting to rally and is caught between its 50 and 200 day moving averages.  Everyone seems to be asking the same questions.  Have we topped? Is the bottom in place?  Where does the market go next? With that in mind, we thought it would be a good time to talk about a few of our most important observations about market tops over the last 30 years. The first thing we’ve noticed is that tops take a long time to form.  They’re brutal to an investor who makes big bets using put options because of the time decay in their options while the market chops around, puts in marginal new highs, then chops around some more.  Fortunately they’re a bit less painful for an investor using put options, volatility, or other aggressive financial instruments

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ETFs and Funds that Hedge the Downside

Here at Downside Hedge we’re always interested in any hedging strategy.  Although we’ve developed our own criteria for when and how we hedge our portfolios, we try keep abreast of ETFs and Mutual Funds that offer hedging strategies to individual investors. We understand that there are individual investors that aren’t comfortable building a portfolio hedge on their own by buying options, volatility, and shorting the market.  For this reason our strategies don’t work for everyone.  In addition, many investors like to diversify their money across more than one strategy in an effort to limit volatility in their portfolio. So we though it would be a good idea to do a small overview some of the alternatives we’ve found.  If you know of any others, please let us know and we’ll add them to the list.  Also, please note that we’re not recommending any of these funds.  We just thought you should be aware of them. Hussman Funds Probably the most well known fund that offers hedging for an individual investor

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Core Market Health Indicators Continue to Weaken

Cash vs. S&P 500 Index

Last week several of our core market health indicators strengthened a bit, but not enough to overcome the indicators that showed weakness.  The net result was an overall weakening in market health.  As a result, we’re raising more cash in our Core Long / Cash Hedge strategy.  It is now 60% long and 40% in cash.  Here’s more information on our Long / Cash hedging strategies.  In the chart below the yellow lines represent raising cash and the green lines are adding exposure to the stock market.        

 
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Core Indicators Weaken – Raising Cash

Raising Cash by Selling Stocks

Enough of our core indicators have weakened that our “core” Long / Cash Hedge strategy is now 80% Long and 20% in cash.  Our core strategy ignores our Market Risk Indicator.  As a result, it takes larger draw downs, but has better overall performance because it enters the market earlier in new rallies.  If you follow our Market Risk Indicator you would have gone 100% to cash on 10/19/2012.  You can see a comparison of the hedge strategies here.  Below is the current chart for the core strategy.  The green lines represent adding long stocks.  The yellow lines represent raising cash.    

 
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Long / Cash Hedge 100% Cash

Long Cash Hedging Strategy

Our Long / Cash hedging strategy is now 100% cash.  Please see our Long / Short Hedging Strategy Update for an explanation. In the chart below the green lines represent buying stocks for the portfolio (reducing cash).  The yellow lines represent raising cash by selling stock.            

 
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